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. 2018 May 2;73(9):825–832. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211289

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© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs for the association between increasing airway responsiveness and the development of COPD_LLN (Airway responsiveness according to the slope at the first examination, with slope <0.44% × µmol⁻¹ as the reference category. Adjusted for study, sex, education, FEV₁ predicted, age, body mass index, history of asthma/asthma-like symptoms, history of active smoking, second-hand smoking and occupational exposures to vapours, gas, dusts or fumes. Number of subjects: 3747. The y-axis is on log₂ scale).