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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Neurosci. 2018 Jul 22;65(4):514–526. doi: 10.1007/s12031-018-1121-3

Fig. 7. Schematic summary of the neuroprotective effect of photobiomodulation therapy.

Fig. 7

HI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation, resulting in neuronal cell death (apoptosis) in the cortex (S1) and hippocampal CA1 region. Oxidative stress can further attack mitochondria in a positive-feedback manner. Photobiomodulation therapy was able to attenuate these detrimental effects and improve neuronal survival.