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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2018 Jul 17;41(9):625–639. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.004

Figure 1. Identifying subtypes of spinal interneurons (SpINs) in the mammalian spinal cord.

Figure 1

Cross-section through 13-day old embryonic rat spinal cord (A), with schematic diagrams of the embryonic (B) and postnatal (C) mammalian spinal cord, identifying known SpIN progenitors. SpINs can be identified anatomically using markers for transcriptional factors known to be expressed during development. Immunolabeling for Chx10 (A) identifies the ventral distribution of V2a SpINs. Note: beta-III-Tubulin (BIII) labeled spinal roots, dorsal root ganglion and spinal nerve surrounding the developing neural tube. Ventrally-derived progenitors are highlighted in B and C. Note that crossed projections from SpINs (C) can innervate motoneurons directly, or other SpINs.