Table 3.
Diagnostic accuracy data for selected serum and urine markers used to diagnose moderately increased albuminuria (uACR between 30 and 300 mg/g) among T2DM patients with eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Values observed in healthy individuals are shown to enable comparison with selected cut-off values.
| Marker | Reference values previously associated with healthy individuals | Detection of moderately increased albuminuria in T2DM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC (95% CI) | Selected cut-off value | Sensitivity, % | Specificity, % | ||
| Serum cystatin C, mg/l | 0.59–1.04a | 0.78 (0.65–0.91) | 1.09 | 68 | 90 |
| Serum NGAL, μg/l | Men 63.5 ± 33.4 Women 64.9 ± 46.5b |
0.69 (0.56–0.83) | 61.0 | 79 | 61 |
| Urine NGAL, μg/l | 10.9 (6.0–38.2)c | 0.74 (0.60–0.87) | 14.3 | 80 | 61 |
| Urine NGAL/creatinine, μg/g | 12.2 (5.9–27.9)c | 0.71 (0.53–0.89) | 28.3 | 60 | 87 |
| Urine KIM-1, μg/l | 0.156–5.33b | 0.68 (0.54–0.81) | 0.73 | 79 | 51 |
| Urine KIM-1/creatinine, μg/g | 0.225–3.20b | 0.84 (0.72–0.95) | 1.81 | 67 | 92 |
| Urine transferrin, mg/l | <2.17a | 0.73 (0.58–0.88) | 2.41 | 47 | 98 |
| Urine IgG, mg/l | <3.36a | 0.85 (0.72–0.97) | 3.49 | 74 | 93 |
| Serum uromodulin, μg/l∗ | 191.2 (89.1–299.1)c | 0.66 (0.53–0.80) | 144 | 95 | 43 |
aReference interval used in the laboratory that performed the measurement for the present study. bReference values reported by the manufacturer of the test used in the present study [43–45]. cPreviously reported values measured in the same laboratory and with the same tests as in the present study: urine NGAL, urine NGAL/creatinine [46], and serum uromodulin [38]. ∗Low concentrations are associated with renal impairment. Abbreviations: see Table 1.