Table 3.
Comparison of cognition tests between recently diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals and between participants with a known type 1 and type 2 diabetes duration of five years after adjusting for crystallized intelligence, age, and sex.
| Individuals with recently diagnosed diabetes and metabolically healthy individuals | Individuals with a known diabetes duration of five years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes versus healthy individuals | Type 1 diabetes versus healthy individuals | Type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes | |||||
| β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | |
| Verbal memory | −0.12 (−0.56; 0.33) | 0.602 | −0.49 (−0.93; −0.05) | 0.029 | −0.37 (−0.89; 0.14) | 0.156 | −0.81 (−1.44; −0.18) | 0.012 |
| Digit sequencing | 0.02 (−0.37; 0.41) | 0.917 | −0.20 (−0.58; 0.18) | 0.306 | −0.22 (−0.67; 0.23) | 0.339 | 0.34 (−0.22; 0.90) | 0.227 |
| Token motor task | −0.23 (−0.58; 0.13) | 0.204 | −0.06 (−0.42; 0.29) | 0.716 | 0.16 (−0.25; 0.58) | 0.435 | −0.21 (−0.79; 0.38) | 0.486 |
| Verbal fluency | −0.03 (−0.43; 0.38) | 0.897 | −0.12 (−0.52; 0.28) | 0.561 | −0.09 (−0.57; 0.38) | 0.702 | −0.24 (−0.76; 0.27) | 0.347 |
| Symbol coding score | 0.07 (−0.26; 0.40) | 0.680 | −0.12 (−0.45; 0.21) | 0.483 | −0.19 (−0.57; 0.20) | 0.343 | −0.18 (−0.71; 0.34) | 0.487 |
| Tower of London | −0.08 (−0.39; 0.23) | 0.606 | 0.03 (−0.28; 0.33) | 0.864 | 0.11 (−0.25; 0.47) | 0.557 | −0.12 (−0.60; 0.36) | 0.615 |
| BACS composite score | −0.08 (−0.42; 0.27) | 0.659 | −0.26 (−0.60; 0.08) | 0.130 | −0.19 (−0.59; 0.22) | 0.363 | −0.32 (−0.83; 0.19) | 0.221 |
| TMT_A | 0.52 (−3.42; 4.47) | 0.794 | −0.55 (−4.47; 3.36) | 0.781 | −1.08 (−5.68; 3.53) | 0.646 | −1.75 (−6.83; 3.33) | 0.495 |
| TMT_B | 0.81 (−2.63; 4.26) | 0.642 | −1.43 (−4.85; 1.99) | 0.411 | −2.24 (−6.26; 1.78) | 0.273 | 0.23 (−4.61; 5.07) | 0.925 |
| Pictures of facial affect | 1.72 (−2.15; 5.59) | 0.382 | 2.00 (−1.85; 5.85) | 0.307 | 0.28 (−4.25; 4.81) | 0.904 | 0.17 (−5.20; 5.53) | 0.096 |
Data are mean differences (β), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values from linear regression with MWT-B, as a marker of crystallized intelligence, age, and sex as independent variables and cognition tests as a dependent variable. Italicized print indicates P < 0.05. BACS: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; TMT_A/B: trail making test A/B.