Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 151)
| na | % | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 31.53 | 5.00 | ||
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||
| White |
68 | 45 | ||
| Black/Haitian | 51 | 34 | ||
| Hispanic | 13 | 9 | ||
| Otherb | 19 | 13 | ||
| Child race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 57 | 38 | ||
| Black/Haitian | 54 | 36 | ||
| Hispanic | 18 | 12 | ||
| Otherb | 22 | 15 | ||
| Maternal relationship status | ||||
| Married | 102 | 68 | ||
| Living together | 16 | 11 | ||
| Otherc | 31 | 21 | ||
| Maternal education | ||||
| High school/GED or less | 17 | 11 | ||
| Some College | 35 | 23 | ||
| College Degree | 41 | 27 | ||
| Graduate Degree | 56 | 37 | ||
| Annual household income | ||||
| < $20,000 | 27 | 18 | ||
| $20,000-$34,999 | 14 | 9 | ||
| $35,000-$59,999 | 27 | 18 | ||
| $60,000-$99,999 | 26 | 17 | ||
| $100,000+ | 53 | 35 | ||
| Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | 25.72 | 6.55 | ||
| Maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy | 32 | 21 | ||
| Maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms in pregnancy (PCL-C) | 23.45 | 11.49 | ||
| Maternal depressive symptoms in pregnancy (continuous, EPDS) | 6.49 | 5.95 | ||
| Maternal elevated depressive symptoms in pregnancy (categorical, EPDS) | 23 | 15 | ||
| Maternal physical abuse in her childhood (CTQ-SF) | 1.52 | 2.54 | ||
| Maternal emotional abuse in her childhood (CTQ-SF) | 2.25 | 2.03 | ||
| Maternal sexual abuse in her childhood (CTQ-SF) | 0.36 | 1.16 | ||
| Maternal total abuse in her childhood (CTQ-SF) | 4.11 | 4.84 | ||
| Maternal stress exposures during pregnancy (CRISYS-R) | 2.34 | 1.95 | ||
| Maternal familial emotional support in her childhood (CTQ-SF) | 14.52 | 2.42 | ||
| Newborn sex (male) | 83 | 55 | ||
| Cord blood relative telomere length (T/S ratio)d | 2.48 | 0.75 |
Note. PCL-C= Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version; EPDS = Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; CTQ-SF = Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short Form; CRISYS-R = Crisis in Family Systems-Revised.
a
Data were missing for 0 to 11 participants across study variables.
b
The majority categorized as “other” race/ethnicity were identified by self/mother as Asian or multi-racial.
c
Other included never married (n = 23), divorced (n = 2), separated (n = 1), and other relationship status (n = 5).
d
Telomere length is represented by the ratio between the average of three values obtained from telomere amplification and from β-globin amplification (T/S ratio).