Table 4a.
Summary of structural equation models for maternal variables predicting cord blood telomere length among male infants
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE B | β | p | B | SE B | β | p | B | SE B | β | p | |
| 1. Maternal age | −.002 | .02 | −.02 | .889 | −.011 | .02 | −.07 | .481 | −.03 | .02 | −.23 | .025* |
| 2. Pregnancy health | ||||||||||||
| 2a. Smoking in pregnancy | −.44 | .18 | −.25 | .012* | −.22 | .18 | −.13 | .205 | ||||
| 2b. Pre-pregnancy BMI | −.03 | .01 | −.25 | .012* | −.02 | .01 | −.19 | .067† | ||||
| 3. Socioeconomic status in pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Educational attainment | .23 | .08 | .32 | .004* | ||||||||
| 4. Mental health in pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Elevated depressive symptoms | ||||||||||||
| 5. Stress exposures in childhood | ||||||||||||
| Sexual abuse | ||||||||||||
| 6. Support in childhood | ||||||||||||
| Familial emotional support | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted R2 | .00 | .14 | .23 | |||||||||
| Chi-square test of invariance by infant sex | 1.332 | 6.343† | 9.347† | |||||||||
| Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE B | β | P | B | SE B | β | p | B | SE B | β | p | |
| 1. Maternal age | −.03 | .02 | −.22 | .030* | −.03 | .02 | −.22 | .043* | −.03 | .02 | −.18 | .100 |
| 2.Pregnancy health | ||||||||||||
| 2a. Smoking in pregnancy | −.17 | .18 | −.10 | .322 | −.19 | .17 | −.12 | .254 | −.19 | .16 | −.12 | .237 |
| 2b. Pre-pregnancy BMI | −.01 | .01 | −.12 | .272 | −.01 | .01 | −.13 | .222 | −.01 | .01 | −.10 | .360 |
| 3. Socioeconomic status in pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Educational attainment | .26 | .08 | .36 | .001* | .20 | .08 | .29 | .015* | .17 | .08 | .25 | .037* |
| 4. Mental health in pregnancy | ||||||||||||
| Elevated depressive symptoms | −.34 | .18 | −.19 | .060† | −.38 | .19 | −.21 | .038* | −.36 | .18 | −.20 | .044* |
| 5. Stress exposures in childhood | ||||||||||||
| Sexual abuse | −.22 | .07 | −.32 | .001* | −.19 | .07 | −.27 | .005* | ||||
| 6. Support in childhood | ||||||||||||
| Familial emotional support | .06 | .03 | .20 | .048* | ||||||||
| Adjusted R2 | .26 | .30 | .34 | |||||||||
| Chi-square test of invariance by infant sex | 15.108* | 19.297* | 38.645* | |||||||||
Note: BMI = body mass index. Estimates and standard errors were bootstrapped using 1,000 replications. Symmetric confidence intervals were computed at 95%, provided that the variables were normally distributed. Whenever the 95% confidence interval around a given slope did not include the value of zero, it was concluded that the observed coefficient was significantly different from zero.
†
p < .05, one-tailed significance.
*
p < .05, two-tailed significance.