Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants at CKD and at initiation of HD or PD
| Variable | CKD1 | ESRD1* | P value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year, mean±SD | 56.97±11.10 | 59.88±11.18 | |
| Male sex | 245 (58.75%) | . | |
| Race, N(%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 82 (19.66%) | . | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 234 (56.12%) | . | |
| Hispanic | 85 (20.38%) | . | |
| Other | 16 (3.84%) | . | |
| Current smoker, N(%) | 55 (13.19%) | 42 (10.07%) | 0.02 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2, mean±SD | 24.59±9.75 | . | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean±SD | 32.92±8.24 | 30.94±7.51 | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean±SD | 139.73±23.89 | 132.20±25.41 | <.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean±SD | 73.13±13.52 | 67.13±13.38 | <.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean±SD | 98.83±37.55 | 84.71±32.32 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean±SD | 46.11±14.97 | 46.62±15.91 | 0.6 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl, mean±SD | 144.00 [94.00–207.00] | 132.00 [98.00–173.00] | 0.6 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean±SD | 184.07±51.40 | 167.99±47.06 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean±SD | 11.49±1.68 | 12.18±1.60 | <.001 |
| HbA1c, %, mean±SD | 7.27±1.71 | 6.43±1.40 | <.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl, mean±SD | 3.68±0.51 | 3.73±0.50 | 0.1 |
| Hypertension, N(%) | 411 (98.56%) | 415 (99.52%) | 0.05 |
| Cardiovascular disease, N(%) | 186 (44.60%) | 263 (63.07%) | <.001 |
| Heart failure, N (%) | 63 (15.1%) | 120 (28.8%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N(%) | 16 (3.88%) | 42 (10.17%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes, N(%) | 290 (69.54%) | 300 (71.94%) | 0.002 |
| β-blockers, N(%) | 253 (61.11%) | 291 (71.50%) | 0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB | 281 (67.87%) | 199 (48.89%) | <.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers, N(%) | 254 (61.35%) | 229 (56.27%) | 0.08 |
| Diuretics, N(%) | 316 (76.33%) | 163 (40.05%) | <.001 |
| No. of anti-hypertensive medication classes, N(%) | 3.43±1.50 | 2.89±1.50 | <.001 |
| Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents | 65 (15.70%) | 88 (21.62%) | 0.02 |
| Dialysis access, N(%)3 | |||
| Venous catheter | NA | 246 (59.7) | |
| Arteriovenous fistula | NA | 81 (19.7) | |
| Arteriovenous graft | NA | 27 (6.6) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis catheter | NA | 58 (14.1) | |
| Unknown | NA | 5 (1.2) |
N=417.
1
For categorical variables, n (%) is reported. For continuous variables, mean±sd is reported if normally distributed, and median [quartile 1-quartile 3) is reported if non-normally distributed.
2
To compare characteristics between CKD and HD/PD, the P values are generated using the McNemar’s test for binary variables, and the paired t test or the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for continuous variables.
3
NA= not applicable
ACEi/ARB, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers; LDL, ____; HDL, _____; eGFR, ______; CKD, _____; PD, ____; HD, _____; HbA1c, ____.
*
Defined as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.