Table 2.

24-Hour BP characteristics in obstructive sleep apnea: beyond dipping and nondipping

Authors	Subjects under study	Profiles
Noda et al76	21 OSA + 123 non-OSA	Type 1: normal BP throughout the 24-hour period with nocturnal BP fall (OSA + non-OSA) Type 2: progressive BP elevation from onset of sleep to early morning (hypertensive OSA) Type 3: elevated BP at any time (hypertensive OSA)
Nagata et al77	5 non-OSA, 10 mild OSA, 12 moderate OSA, 27 severe OSA	Nocturnal BP: moderate and severe OSA > non OSA Morning BP: severe OSA > non OSA Nocturnal BP fall: severe OSA < non OSA Diurnal and evening BP: OSA = non OSA
Sasaki et al78	103 OSA	Sustained type: both diurnal and nocturnal hypertension; profile related to OSA severity and sleep disruption Surge type: only morning hypertension; profile related to reduced SWS Control type: neither diurnal nor nocturnal hypertension Nocturnal hypertension only: not analyzed, few patients
Cho et al79	Hypertensives, 35 OSA + 23 non-OSA	Sleep-trough morning SBP surge: OSA > non-OSA

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SBP, systolic BP; SWS, slow-wave sleep.