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. 2018 Aug 20;9:616. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00616

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Copyright © 2018 Panchal, Sollmann, Pasternak, Alosco, Kinzel, Kaufmann, Hartl, Forwell, Johnson, Skopelja, Shenton, Koerte, Echlin and Lin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Results of repeated measures analysis of covariance (A) depicts box plots of average values of the concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) at two time points: preseason and postseason. There was a statistically significant difference between pre-and postseason NAA concentrations (p = 0.001). In both males and females, NAA decreased when comparing the preseason to the postseason concentrations (males: p = 0.057, females: p = 0.006). (B) shows box plots of average values of the concentration of glutamate (Glu) at two time points: preseason and postseason. There was a trend regarding the difference between pre- and postseason Glu concentrations (p = 0.039). Females showed a decrease in Glu over time (p = 0.490), whereas males had an increase in Glu over time (p = 0.198).