Table 1.
Frequencies of demographic, outcome, and moderator variables in hazard ratio and odds ratio studies.
| Number (%) of effects unless otherwise noted | Hazard Ratio Effects (k=15) | Odds Ratio Effects (k=62) |
|---|---|---|
| Participants | ||
| Total number across all effects | 203,017 | 555,532 |
| Mdn, [range] | 6,407 [3,032–37,699] | 2,209 [192–53,998] |
| Total female participants across all effects | 153,952 (75.8%) | 323,920 (58.3%) |
| Non-U.S. samples | 13 (87.0%) | 28 (45.2%) |
| % participants who report 2+ adversities, M (SD) | 25.0% (18.0%)a | 30.0% (21.4%)b |
| Study Design | ||
| Retrospective assessment of adversity | 15 (100%) | 56 (90.3%) |
| Years of follow-up, M (SD) | 10.0 (4.4)c | 19.9 (13.0)d |
| Outcomes | ||
| CVD clinical outcomes | 12 (80.0%) | 36 (58.1%) |
| Metabolic outcomes | 3 (20.0%) | 26 (41.9%) |
| Independently-assessed disease | 8 (53.3%) | 22 (35.5%) |
| Cumulative Adversity Index | ||
| Total number of items, M (SD) | 7.4 (3.2) | 9.81 (6.0) |
| ACE Questionnaire vs. Others | 3 (20.0%) | 36 (58.1%) |
| Index included childhood SES | 11 (73.3%) | 13 (21.0%) |
| Index included household dysfunction | 10 (66.7%) | 48 (77.4%) |
| Index included abuse/neglect | 8 (53.3%) | 58 (93.5%) |
| Analytic Strategy | ||
| Comparison of most vs. least adversities | 14 (93.3%) | 48 (77.4%) |
| Number of covariates in analytic models, M (SD) | 8.3 (4.0) | 5.2 (4.4) |
| Covariate type: Adult SES | 13 (86.7%) | 46 (74.2%) |
| Covariate type: Psychosocial | 11 (73.3%) | 22 (35.5%) |
| Covariate type: Health behaviors | 10 (66.7%) | 22 (35.5%) |
a
Reflects data from 7 out of 15 effects that provided sufficient information.
b
Reflects data from 47 out of 62 effects that provided sufficient information.
c
Reflects data from 6 out of 9 studies that provided sufficient information.
d
Reflects data from 10 out of 29 studies, including both retrospective and prospective designs, that provided sufficient information.