. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Health Psychol. 2018 Aug;37(8):701–715. doi: 10.1037/hea0000637

Table 3.

Cumulative odds ratios of cumulative childhood adversity on cardiometabolic disease.

	Cumulative Odds Ratio	95%CI	Q_T (heterogeneity)
All effects (k=62)	1.36^*	1.27 – 1.46	396.71^*
Using study as the unit of analysis (K=29)	1.36^*	1.24 – 1.50	339.11^*
Participants
Sex^a
Women (k=14)	1.42^*	1.24 – 1.62	141.34^*
Men (k=11)	1.52^*	1.28 – 1.80	52.92^*
Q_M (1, 23)			.35
Geography/Culture
Non-US (k=28)	1.56^*	1.41 – 1.72	130.53^*
US (k=34)	1.22^*	1.13 – 1.33	175.20^*
Q_M (1, 60)			13.52^*
Outcome^c
Type
Metabolic outcomes (k=26)	1.26^*	1.14 – 1.40	137.25^*
CVD clinical outcomes (k=36)	1.46^*	1.33 – 1.61	231.04^*
Q_M (1, 60)			4.12^*
Measurement
Self-report (k=40)	1.60^*	1.46 – 1.75	288.19^*
Independently-assessed disease (k=22)	1.08	0.96 – 1.21	84.65^*
Q_M (1, 60)			27.96^*
Cumulative Adversity Index
Type of Adversity Measure
ACE Study Questionnaire (k=36)	1.37^*	1.26 – 1.50	306.99^*
Other Scale/Ad-hoc Composite (k=26)	1.35^*	1.20 – 1.52	85.15^*
Q_M (1, 60)			.85
Index Included Childhood SES
No (k=49)	1.34^*	1.24 – 1.44	342.49^*
Yes (k=13)	1.50^*	1.26 – 1.80	33.73^*
Q_M (1, 60)			.24
Index Included Household Dysfunction
No (k=14)	1.29^*	1.11 – 1.51	45.64^*
Yes (k=48)	1.39^*	1.28 – 1.50	350.92^*
Q_M (1, 60)			.43
Analytic Strategy
Comparison of Extreme Groups vs. Count/Average
Comparison of most vs. least adversities (k=48)	1.49^*	1.37 – 1.61	256.14^*
Continuous total/average adversity score (k=14)	1.15^*	1.04 – 1.27	43.38^*
Q_M (1, 60)			15.39^*
Number of Covariates in Analytic Models
5 or fewer (k=41)	1.52^*	1.38 – 1.67	325.55^*
6 or more (k=21)	1.20^*	1.07 – 1.34	65.62^*
Q_M (1, 60)			9.39^*
Adult SES Covariate
No (k=16)	1.09^*	0.94 – 1.27	72.64^*
Yes (k=46)	1.45^*	1.34 – 1.57	323.29^*
Q_M (1, 60)			10.25^*
Psychosocial Covariate
No (k=40)	1.30^*	1.17 – 1.43	198.31^*
Yes (k=22)	1.46^*	1.31 – 1.62	188.69^*
Q_M (1, 60)			2.60
Health Behavior Covariate
No (k=40)	1.47^*	1.34 – 1.61	311.43^*
Yes (k=22)	1.23^*	1.10 – 1.38	72.93^*
Q_M (1, 60)			5.52^*

Note. Q_M = test of between group difference. K denotes studies and k denotes effects (i.e., cumulative adversity on one outcome). Cumulative effect sizes are represented using odds ratios. Results reflect estimated effects of cumulative adversity on combined cardiometabolic outcomes, with the exception of results for moderation by “Outcome Type.” Bolded values highlight significant moderator variables.

Greater than 80% of the sample had to be of the same sex or results presented separately by sex to code the sample as predominantly composed of men or women.

Study Design refers to retrospective vs. prospective assessment of adversity.

p<.05.