Fig 3.

(A) The predicted average cell density change as a result of increasing the wall thickness from 0.1 to 5 cm. (B) A bioreactor model average cell density without wall diffusion requires a higher medium flow rate compared to our bioreactor with wall diffusion (Base model). (C) The average cell densities achieved experimentally from T175 flask and bioreactor expanded cells were compared to base model output. Note that only final cell numbers were measured for the bioreactor expanded cells; the curve represents exponential approximations of the previous days based on the overall growth rate from the experiment. (D) Predicted average cell density at different flow rates in a gas permeable wall packed bed bioreactor. The modelling predicts that the cell yield is almost independent of the flow rate.