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(A) The expression of p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK were analyzed with ImageJ and normalized against β-actin. (B) Transcriptional activation of AP-1 was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. AP-1 signaling was down-regulated by HSHE in HaCaT cells. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. *P<0.05 compared with P. acnes treated cells only.
