Fig. 7.
—Evolutionary reconstruction of TTX resistance in SCN5A (Nav1.5), SCN10A (Nav1.8), and SCN11A (Nav1.9) across amniote vertebrates. Tips and branches are color-coded by predicted TTX resistance, with warmer colors representing stronger resistance (see supplementary table S7, Supplementary Material online for details). Resistance-conferring substitutions found in Thamnophis sirtalis are plotted at their origin, with warmer colors indicating stronger resistance (supplementary table S7, Supplementary Material online). A nonresistant SCN5A-like paralog from Xenopus is used as the outgroup.