Table 3. Changes in Fontaine stage and PAD risk factors.
| Variable | Value (n=1,208) | |
|---|---|---|
| Fontaine stage* | ||
| Improved/maintained stage I | 742 (58.9) | |
| Deteriorated/maintained stage II–IV | 518 (41.1) | |
| Smoking status† | ||
| Continuous non-smoking | 891 (73.8) | |
| Continuous smoking | 267 (22.1) | |
| Smoking cessation | 28 (2.3) | |
| Start smoking | 22 (1.8) | |
| △HbA1c‡ (%; n=440) | −0.19±1.30 | |
| △Total cholesterol‡ (mg/dL; n=278) | −9.61±37.57 | |
| △LDL cholesterol‡ (mg/dL; n=238) | −8.13±30.64 | |
| △Triglyceride‡ (mg/dL; n=236) | −5.26±77.59 | |
| △HDL cholesterol‡ (mg/dL; n=235) | 0.13±13.24 | |
| △SBP‡ (mmHg; n=823) | 1.00±20.21 | |
| △DBP‡ (mmHg; n=823) | −0.74±12.23 | |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FU = follow-up; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; PAD = peripheral-arterial disease; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
*Improved: at least 1 stage lower from baseline to 6-month FU, Deteriorated: at least 1 stage higher from baseline to 6-month FU; †Smoking history for the past 6 months; ‡△: parameter difference (6-month FU − baseline) among those who have the risk factor(s).