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. 2018 Aug 27;8:12838. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31038-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationships between speaker alpha and the listener ERP. The speaker’s preparatory alpha band (centered on 8 Hz) amplitudes were correlated with the listener’s minimum ERP amplitudes. The distribution of correlations across subject pairs is indicated in the boxplot in (a). The Fisher z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients significantly differed from zero (p = 0.0009). A representative scatterplot of single-trial lower alpha band amplitudes within the speaker (y-axis) and single-trial listener ERP amplitudes (x-axis) is indicated in (b). Reduced wavelet amplitudes within the speaker during preparation appear to correspond to a greater N400 amplitude within the listener (r = 0.24). The 95% confidence interval includes r = −0.24 to r = 0.62).