Fig. 2.

PDGF induces downregulation of VEGFR-2 expression in ECs. a, b Normal human brain microvascular ECs (#1 and #2 from adult brain and #3 from fetal brain) were treated with glioma-conditioned medium (glioma-CM). RNA was isolated and subjected to transcriptome analysis by RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq). Left, heat map for expression of VEGF receptors. Right, fold changes of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 (n = 3, mean ± SEM). b Shown are FPKM values of FSP-1 (n = 3). c Normal brain ECs were treated with glioma-CM or control normal medium. Cell lysates were immunoblotted. d Gene set analysis of upregulated pathways/genes identified by RNA-seq in glioma-CM-treated ECs. e ECs were isolated from GBM tumors or peri-tumor tissues of human patients or normal brains. Cell lysates were immunoblotted. Note: the lyates were also immunoblotted in Fig. 1c, and the same blot for GAPDH was shown. f Normal brain ECs were treated with 100 ng/ml PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, or PDGF-BB. Cell lysates were immunoblotted