Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Healthy control | HIV+/αCD4low | HIV+/αCD4high | P1 | P2 | P3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 12 | 13 | 9 | |||
| Age | 43.5 (33.5–56) | 43 (26–46.5) | 47 (36–56.5) | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.21 |
| Gender (Male/%) | 3 (25%) | 11 (84.6%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0.005 | >0.99 | 0.04 |
| Race (AA/%) | 7 (44%) | 8 (57%) | 7 (58%) | 0.72 | 0.7 | 0.52 |
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/µL) | 361 (226–490) | 229 (124–426) | 0.19 | |||
| Duration of ART (yr) | 4 (3.5–6.5) | 6 (4–6) | 0.82 | |||
| CD4 count (cells/µL) | 828 (523–1043) | 634 (514–744) | 450 (321–677) | 0.50 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| %ki67+ CD4 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 2.8 (1.9–3.8) | 2.5 (1.7–3.9) | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.73 |
| %annexin V+ CD4 | 19 (13.5–37.7) | 29.4 (27.1–43) | 26.9 (15.7–32) | 0.14 | 0.60 | 0.18 |
| B cell count (cells/µL) | 219 (112–235) | 239 (132–314) | 185 (130–245) | 0.29 | 0.65 | 0.37 |
| %ki67+ B cells | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.5 (0.9–2.0) | 1.3 (0.9–2.7) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.84 |
| %annexin V+ B cells | 9 (5.5–18) | 19.4 (12.6–27.8) | 17.6 (13.3–33) | 0.007 | 0.04 | 0.86 |
| Plasma soluble CD4 (ng/mL) | 2.1 (1.2–4.9) | 1.7 (0–2.7) | 1.8 (0.3–2.7) | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.66 |
| Current ART regimen | ||||||
| Multi-Class Combination | 11 (84.6%) | 4 (44.4%) | >0.99 | |||
| NRTIs | 2 (15.4%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0.71 | |||
| PIs | 3 (23%) | 3 (33.3%) | >0.99 | |||
| Metabolic abnormities | ||||||
| BMI | 26.1 (23.3–29.7) | 32.3 (24.9–38.3) | 0.14 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (0.08%) | 1 (0.11%) | >0.99 | |||
| Hypertension | 4 (30.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | 0.67 | |||
| Abnormal lipid metabolism | 5 (38.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0.67 | |||
P1: HIV- vs HIV+/αCD4low.
P2: HIV- vs HIV+/αCD4high.
P3: HIV+/αCD4high vs HIV+/αCD4low.
Non-parametric Mann-Whitney tests.
Abnormal lipid metabolism: hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia.
Multi-Class Combination ART: Two different groups in a complete HIV drug regimen (e.g., Atripla (bictegravir + tenofovir DF + emtricitabine)).