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. 2018 Aug 27;9:3464. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05991-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Landscape change in southern Sweden between 1940–1960s and 2016. a The extent of decline in open land in 6733 landscapes in the study region. b Comparison of historical and present-day landscape heterogeneity in all 6733 landscapes, with arable, open and forest landscapes defined as the top 25% 5 × 5 km grid squares with the highest cover of those categories in the historical maps (n = 1683). Black solid line at 1:1 between historical and present-day heterogeneity. c Change in cover of arable (yellow), open (light green) and forest (dark green) in arable, open and forest landscapes, showing median, interquartile range and range excluding outliers (defined as quartiles ± (1.5 × the interquartile range))