Fig. 5.
Key variables for the high sensitivity in black carbon direct radiative effect. a Size dependence of the mass absorption cross section of black carbon (BC) core (MACcore, Eq. (2)) for the Multiple-mixing-state and Single-mixing-state representations. Squares correspond to the Small-size, Base-size, and Large-size simulations (at the surface). Black line shows theoretical calculations (using the algorithms of Bohren and Huffman68 based on the Mie theory) assuming lognormal size distributions (sigma = 1.8). The ranges of MACcore are shown by red (Multiple-mixing-state) and blue (Single-mixing-state) vertical bars. b BC mixing state distributions of BC mass for the Small-size (red) and Large-size (blue) simulations in the Multiple-mixing-state representation (at the surface). BC particles are gradually shifted to the right by aging processes in the atmosphere