Table 1.
Means, SDs, and effect strengths (Cohen’s d) of pre- to post-changes in measures assessing blood-injury-injection fear in LG-OST-participants.
| LG-OST (n = 40) |
ESa [95% CI] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre vs. Post | ||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | F | Cohen’s d | |
| Sample characteristics, clinical data, and disgust sensitivity | ||||
| Age (years) | 26.63 (8.21) | – | – | – |
| Education (years) | 14.33 (2.84) | |||
| STAI-S | 48.15 (13.08) | 40.15 (13.03) | 18.18*** | 0.61 [0.16 to -1.06] |
| STAI-T | 41.28 (9.33) | – | – | – |
| BDI | 8.21 (5.62) | – | – | – |
| FEE (tot) | 84.68 (25.53) | – | – | – |
| Death | 13.93 (6.50) | – | – | – |
| Excrements | 16.35 (5.87) | – | – | – |
| Deg. material | 18.25 (6.08) | – | – | – |
| Hygiene | 20.23 (7.53) | – | – | – |
| Oral defense | 15.93 (5.14) | – | – | – |
| BII-fear measures | ||||
| BVSF (tot) | 87.20 (23.17) | 66.23 (22.08) | 48.76*** | 0.93 [0.47 to 1.39] |
| BI-self | 19.90 (8.40) | 15.93 (7.74) | 26.14*** | 0.49 [0.05 to 0.94] |
| BI-others | 19.95 (6.99) | 14.98 (6.26) | 44.13*** | 0.75 [0.30 to 1.20] |
| Injection | 23.05 (3.80) | 16.95 (5.60) | 60.62*** | 1.28 [0.79 to 1.76] |
| Mutilation | 24.30 (9.66) | 18.38 (8.48) | 28.22*** | 0.65 [0.20 to 1.10] |
| MQ (tot) | 18.83 (5.40) | 16.58 (5.84) | 13.31** | 0.40 [-0.04 to 0.84] |
| MBPI (tot) | 85.83 (32.06) | 60.48 (34.04) | 54.61*** | 0.77 [0.31 to 1.22] |
| Injection | 24.55 (7.20) | 17.28 (8.81) | 44.30*** | 0.90 [0.44 to 1.36] |
| Fainting | 11.05 (7.98) | 8.45 (7.90) | 22.35*** | 0.33 [-0.11 to 0.80] |
| Blood others | 19.13 (9.77) | 13.08 (9.21) | 31.87*** | 0.64 [0.19 to 1.09] |
| Hospitals | 10.56 (9.16) | 7.08 (7.89) | 26.91*** | 0.41 [-0.04 to 0.85] |
| Blood self | 8.44 (5.28) | 6.00 (5.07) | 21.16*** | 0.47 [0.03 to 0.92] |
| Injuries | 9.90 (4.25) | 7.15 (4.24) | 40.75*** | 0.65 [0.20 to 1.10] |
| BAT | ||||
| Steps (maxb) | 5.28 (1.47) | 5.73 (1.01) | 4.79* | 0.36 [-0.09 to 0.79] |
| Steps (maxc) | 5.28 (1.47) | 6.88 (1.56) | 46.65*** | 1.06 [0.59 to 1.52] |
| SUDd fear 0-100 | 74.65 (23.94) | 59.14 (29.93) | 12.28** | 0.57 [0.1938 to 1.02] |
| SUDd disg. 0-100 | 29.31 (32.51) | 23.21 (25.85) | 3.08 | – |
| GSR | – | 5.65 (1.09) | – | – |
STAI-S, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State-Scale; STAI-T, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait-Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; FEE, Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Ekelsensitivität, engl. “Disgust Sensitivity Questionnaire”; BVSF, Blut-Verletzungs-Spritzenangst-Fragebogen, engl. “Blood-Injury-Injection Fear Questionnaire”; MQ, Mutilation Questionnaire; MBPI, Multidimensional Blood/Injury Phobia Inventory; BAT, Behavioral Approach Test; GSR, Global Success Rating; tot, total; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001. aEffect-sizes not reported if ANOVA-result was not significant. bAnalysis only includes the first 6 steps. cAnalysis also includes the 7th and 8th step of the post-BAT. dMean rating at highest step reached.