Table 1.
List mentioning the functions of E3 ligases and DUBs involved in cardiac hypertrophy.
| Name | Signaling pathway |
|---|---|
| MDM2 | Attenuation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the p38 and ERK1/2 pathway |
| MuRF1 | Inhibition of pathological hypertrophy via inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) mediated signaling and calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Inhibition of T3-induced physiological hypertrophy by the monoubiquitination of the TRα receptor in the heart |
| MuRF2 | Induction of cardiac hypertrophy in MuRF1/MuRF2 double knockout mice |
| MuRF3 | Induction of cardiac hypertrophy in MuRF3/MuRF1 double knockout mice by the accumulation of β/slow MHC protein |
| Atrogin-1 | Suppression of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT pathway by polyubiquitination and degradation of the calcineurin A together with SCF complex and through K63-linked polyubiquitination of Foxo1 and Foxo3a |
| TRIM32 | Attenuation of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy via inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-mTOR-p70S6K pathway |
| TRAF2 | Induction of pathological cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the NF-κB and Akt/GSK3β pathway |
| TRAF3 | Induction of pathological cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the Akt-GSK3β-mTOR-p70S6K pathway |
| TRAF5 | Attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway |
| TRAF6 | Induction of cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the TAK1-JNK1/2-p38 pathway |
| USP4 | Inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the TAK1-JNK1/2-p38 pathway |
| USP18 | Inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the TAK1-JNK1/2-p38 pathway |
| USP14 | Induction of cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the GSK-3β phosphorylation |
| CYLD | Induction of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the ERK, p38/AP-1, and c-Myc pathway |
| A20 | Suppression of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of the TAK1-JNK1/2-p38 pathway |