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. 2018 Aug 21;9:1951. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01951

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Copyright © 2018 Martins, Martins and Santos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Major LDs morphological features and biogenesis. (A) LDs are composed by a neutral core of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters (SEs), surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and unesterified sterol, with several proteins at the surface and/or partially integrated within their structure, mainly from the PAT family: perilipin 1 (PLIN1), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), and perilipin 3 (PLIN3). (B) LDs are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as a result of TAG and SE molecules accumulation between the two leaflets of the ER membrane. The nascent droplets grow into mature LDs, with the help of curvature-inducing agents, and may remain attached to the ER (not shown) or detach from the ER into the cytosol.