Table 8.
Functional brain imaging in DM2.
| Study | Modality | Estimated parameters | Group size (imaging done) | Age (M ±SD) [years] | Age at onset [years] | Control group | Disease duration (M ±SD) [years] | Correlation parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meola et al. (42) | H2O15-PET (resting state), SPECT | rCBF | 20 (10) | 18–73 | decade 1–4 | + | - | - |
| Meola et al. (88) | SPECT | CBF | 19 (5) | 49 ± 18 | decade 2–3 | + | - | - |
| Sansone et al. (89) | -PET (18F-FDG, 11C-β-CIT-FE, 11C-raclopride) | glucose metabolism, presynaptic dopamine reuptake, postsynaptic D2 receptor density | 1 (1) | 72 | 68 | - | 5 | - |
| Vielhaber et al. (72) | 1,5T Proton MRS | cerebral metabolism (NAA, Cho, Cr) | 15 (15) | 38.6 ± 7.8 | >18 | + | 9.5 ± 6.8 | - |
| Romeo et al. (69) | SPECT | CBF | 14 (9) | 54 ± ? | 5–67 | - | - | - |
| Weber et al. (33) | FDG-PET | glucose metabolism | 9 | 53.4 ± 10.9 | - | - | 23.0 ± 15.0 | - |
| Krogias et al. (76) | TCS | basal ganglia, mesencephalic regions | 14 (14) | 50 ± 7 | 9–49 | + | 13 ± 8 | - |
| Rakocevic-Stojanovic et al. (90) | TCS | substantia nigra, brainstem raphe | 40 (40) | 51.4 ± 10.6 | 37.4 ± 11.1 | + | 14.6 ± 13.3 | - |
| Peric et al. (68) | 18F-FDG-PET | glucose metabolism | 13 (13) | 51.8 ± 8.4 | 36.5 ± 7.1 | - | 15.3 ± 10.5 | NPT (+) |
Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; 11C-β-CIT-FE, 11C-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane; 18FDG, 18F-Fluordesoxyglucose; fMRI, functional MRI; MRS, Magnet resonance spectroscopy; PET, positron emission tomography; (r)CBF, (regional) cerebral blood flow; NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; TCS, transcranial sonography; (+), positive or negative correlation was found.