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. 2018 Aug 21;12:182. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00182

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Copyright © 2018 Hou, Wang, Li, Chen, Yang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Valproic acid (VPA)-treated rats exhibited delayed nervous reflex development. (A) Experimental approach. A representative timeline of the behavioral tests, western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). (B) VPA-treated rats showed normal performance in the first pivoting appearance day compared to control rats (p > 0.05). (C–F) VPA-treated rats exhibited significantly longer latencies in behavioral ontogeny than control rats, including the first appearance day of surface righting reflex (*p < 0.05), negative geotaxis reflex (**p < 0.01), cliff aversion (*p < 0.05) and air righting reflex (**p < 0.01). Data are represented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).