Representative images (20x magnification) of cell nuclei (A, D) and actin cytoskeleton (B, E) of MSCs seeded into collagen sponges and loaded in tension statically (A, B, C) or cyclically (D, E, F) in the bioreactor for 3 days. The merged images of (C, F) of the cell nuclei (blue) and actin cytoskeleton (green) show that cyclic loading in the bioreactor appeared to increase cell proliferation and actin network formation.