Table 1.

A summary of seven reported case of Bartonella endocarditis in Southeast Asia.

Sex and age (years), Province, year reported	Pre-existing disease	Duration of illness	Diagnosis (serology, PCR, culture)	Organ involved apart from IE complications	Treatment: surgery and medication	Outcome, follow-up period
M 57 Y Khon Kaen 2011 [15]	AS with AR, MS with MR (RHD)	5 days	PCR of valve, IHC staining of valve and serology	–	AVR and MVR, ampicillin, gentamicin	Improved over 2 months but died suddenly from anticoagulant-associated complications
M 53 Y Surin 2013 [16]	AR	9 months	PCR of 16S rRNA gene, sequencing of valve and WSS staining of valve	–	AVR, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin gentamicin, then doxycycline	Improved, follow-up duration unknown
M 62 Y Bangkok 2016 [17]	ASD, AR, TR and bioprosthetic pulmonic valve	5 weeks	Serology, PCR (pap31 gene) of tissue valve and WSS staining of valve	Liver and spleen	AVR, PVR TVR, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, doxycycline	Improved over 9 months
M 49 Y Bangkok 2017 [18]	–	2 months	PCR (16S–23S rRNA intergenic region) and WSS staining of valve	–	AVR, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, doxycycline	Improved over 6 weeks
M 51 Y Bangkok (our case) 2017	–	5 months	PCR (pap31 gene) of serum	Lung, bone, epididymis, lymph nodes	Levofloxacin, azithromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin	Improved over 7 months
M 57 Y Pakse, Laos 2012 [19]	–	1 month	Serology	–	Ceftriaxone, gentamicin	Improved over 12 months
F 69 Y Xaysettha, Laos 2008 [19]	–	2 months	Serology	–	Ceftriaxone	Improved but died due to gastric perforation

M: male, F: female, AS: aortic stenosis, AR: aortic regurgitation, MS: mitral stenosis, MR: mitral regurgitation, PS: pulmonic stenosis, TR: tricuspid regurgitation, ASD: atrial septal defect, CHD: congenital heart disease, RHD: rheumatic heart disease, IE: infective endocarditis, AVR: aortic valve replacement, MVR: mitral valve replacement, TVR: tricuspid valve replacement, PVR: pulmonic valve replacement, IHC: immunohistochemical staining, WSS: Warthin–Starry silver.