Table 4.
Antimicrobial activity of the 21 essential oils against Pseudomonas spp. with agar disc diffusion in mm.
| Essential oil | P. agglomerans | P. antarctica | P. brassicacearum | P. frederiksbergensis | P. koreensis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lavandula angustifolia Mill. | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 6.00 ± 1.00 | 4.00 ± 1.00 | 10.33 ± 1.53 | 3.67 ± 0.58 |
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. | 10.00 ± 1.00 | 12.33 ± 2.52a | 15.00 ± 2.00a | 13.67 ± 1.53a | 12.67 ± 1.15a |
| Pinus mugoTurra | 5.00 ± 0.00 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Mentha piperita L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 7.00 ± 2.00 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 7.33 ± 0.58 |
| Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | 4.66 ± 0.58 | 4.00 ± 0.57 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 |
| Pinus sylvestris L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.57 | 7.67 ± 1.15 | 2.67 ± 1.15 | 3.67 ± 0.58 |
| Satureja hortensis L. | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 7.66 ± 1.53 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Origanum vulgare L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 9.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 7.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 |
| Pimpinella anisum L. | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 8.67 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 |
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 10.00 ± 1.00 | 12.33 ± 1.53 | 11.00 ± 1.00 | 5.33 ± 0.58 |
| Salvia officinalis L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Abies alba Mill. | 7.33 ± 0.58 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 14.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 |
| Citrus aurantium var. dulce L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 4.67 ± 1.15 | 2.33 ± 0.58 |
| Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. | 2.00 ± 1.00 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 7.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Cymbopogon nardus L. | 4.66 ± 0.58 | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.57 |
| Mentha spicata var. crispa L. | 6.67 ± 1.53 | 5.33 ± 0.57 | 7.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 |
| Thymus vulgaris L. | 9.67 ± 1.53c | 5.67 ± 1.53 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 8.00 ± 1.00 |
| Carvum carvi L. | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Thymus serpyllum L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 7.33 ± 0.58 | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Ocimum basilicum L. | 6.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 12.67 ± 1.15 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 |
| Coriandrum sativum L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 1.15 |
| P. lundensis | P. mandelii | P. proteolytica | P. synxantha | P. veronii | |
| Lavandula angustifolia Mill. | 2.67 ± 1.15 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 3.67 ± 0.57 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 |
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. | 12.33 ± 1.53 | 12.67 ± 1.15a | 13.33 ± 1.15a | 9.67 ± 0.58a | 11.33 ± 0.58 |
| Pinus mugo Turra | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 |
| Mentha piperita L. | 8.67 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 3.66 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 |
| Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | 4.66 ± 0.58 | 4.66 ± 0.58 | 7.67 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 |
| Pinus sylvestris L. | 7.67 ± 1.15 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.57 | 14.67 ± 0.58c |
| Satureja hortensis L. | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 |
| Origanum vulgare L. | 12.33 ± 1.53b | 7.67 ± 1.15 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 13.00 ± 1.00 |
| Pimpinella anisum L. | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 |
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 8.00 ± 1.00 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 |
| Salvia officinalis L. | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.30 ± 0.57 | 2.33 ± 0.58 |
| Abies alba Mill. | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 4.66 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58 |
| Citrus aurantium var. dulce L. | 3.00 ± 1.00 | 3.66 ± 1.52 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 2.66 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 |
| Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 3.33 ± 1.52 | 2.67 ± 0.57 | 4.33 ± 1.15 | 2.66 ± 0.58 |
| Cymbopogon nardus L. | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 3.33 ± 0.58 |
| Mentha spicata var. crispa L. | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.00 ± 1.00 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 |
| Thymus vulgaris L. | 7.67 ± 0.58 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 8.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58 |
| Carvum carvi L. | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.00 ± 1.00 | 6.00 ± 1.00 | 2.33 ± 0.57 | 1.33 ± 0.58 |
| Thymus serpyllum L. | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | 4.33 ± 0.58 | 2.00 ± 0.00 |
| Ocimum basilicum L. | 3.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 5.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 9.00 ± 1.00 |
| Coriandrum sativum L. | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 2.33 ± 0.58 |
a
The EO of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. was the most effective against P. antarctica, P. brassicacearum, P. frederiksbergensis, P. koreensis, P. mandelii, P. proteolytica and P. synxantha (P < 0.001).
b
There were no differences in antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L and Thymus serpyllum L against P. agglomerans (P < 0.001).
c
The EO of Pinus sylvestris L was the most active against P. veronii (P < 0.001).