Table 2.
Summary of the included studies with clinical samples of participants diagnosed with unipolar (UD) or bipolar (BD) disorder.
| Reference | Technology used | Participants (N=3094), n | Clinical diagnosis | Participant age (years), mean (SD) | Study duration (days) | Mood scale | |
|
|
|
Male | Female |
|
|
|
|
| Abdullah et al, 2016 [53] | Android; MoodRhythm | 2 | 5 | BD | 25-64a | 28 | SRM II-5b |
| Alvarez-Lozano et al, 2014 [11] | Android; Monarca | 18c | N/Ad | BD | N/A | 150 | 7p mood |
| Beiwinkel et al, 2016 [22] | Android; SIMBA | 8 | 5 | BD | 47.2 (3.8) | 365 | HDRSe |
| Berle et al, 2010 [54] | Actigraph | 10 | 13 | UD | 42.8 (11) | 14 | Group difference |
| Dickerson et al, 2011 [55] | iOS; Empath | 0 | 1 | UD | 83 | 14 | 10p mood |
| Doryab et al, 2016 [18] | Android | 3 | 3 | UD | >18f | 20 | CES-Dg |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al, 2012 [56] | Actiheart | 8 | 12 | UD | 45.2 (12) | 3 | Group difference |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al, 2015 [57] | Actiheart | 7 | 11 | UD | 45.6 (11.1) | 3 | HDRS-17 |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al, 2016 [58] | Android; Monarca | 9 | 19 | BD | 30.3 (9.3) | 84 | HDRS-17 |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al 2014 [10] | Android; Monarca | 5 | 12 | BD | 33.4 (9.5) | 90 | HDRS-17 |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al, 2015 [26] | Android; Monarca | 20 | 41 | BD | 29.3 (8.4) | 182 | HDRS-17 |
| Faurholt-Jepsen et al, 2016 [6] | Android; Monarca | 11 | 18 | BD | 30.2 (8.8) | 84 | HDRS-17 |
| Gershon et al, 2016 [59] | Actigraph | 14 | 23 | BD | 34.4 (10.4) | 46 | Group difference |
| Gonzales et al, 2014 [60] | Actigraph | 15 | 27 | BD | 41.0 (11.2) | 7 | IDS-C-30h |
| Grünerbl; 2015 [61] | Android | 2 | 8 | BD | 33-48 | 84 | 7p mood |
| Guidi et al, 2015 [20] | Android | 0 | 1 | BD | 36 | 98 | mood state |
| Hauge et al, 2011 [62] | Actigraph | 14 | 11 | UD | 42.9 (10.7) | 14 | Group difference |
| Krane-Gartiser et al, 2014 [63] | Actigraph | 5 | 7 | BD | 39.9 (15.6) | 1 | Group difference |
| Loprinzi and Mahoney, 2014 [64] | Actigraph (hip) | 1261 | 1313 | UD | 46.3 | 7 | Group difference |
| Miwa et al, 2007 [65] | Armband; SenseWear Pro | 5 | 0 | UD | 35.1 | 87 | Group difference |
| Muaremi et al, 2014 [66] | Android | 6c | N/A | BD | 18-65 | 76 | 7p mood |
| O’Brien et al, 2016 [8] | Actigraph | 16 | 43 | UD | 74 (6) | 7 | MADRSi |
| Osmani et al, 2013 [19] | Android | 0 | 5 | BD | N/A | 90 | −3:3 moodj |
| Palmius et al, 2016 [67] | Android; AMoSS | 9 | 27 | BD | 44 (14) | 60 | QIDS-SR16k |
| St-Amand et al, 2013 [68] | Actigraph | 7 | 7 | BD | 44.6 (11) | 14 | Group difference |
| Todder et al, 2009 [69] | Actigraph | 14 | 13 | UD | 49 (13) | 7 | Group difference |
aStudy reported participant age as a range, rather than mean.
bSRM II-5: Social Rhythm Metric II-5.
cTotal number of participants; number of male and female participants not specified.
dN/A: not applicable.
eHDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
fAll participants in study above 18 years of age.
gCES-D: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.
hIDS-C-30: Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology, Clinical-rated.
iMADRS: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.
j−3:3 mood: 7-point mood scale ranging from −3 to 3.
kQIDS-SR16: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Reported.