Table 2a. Mean changes*¹ in endpoints between T0 and T1 and estimated effects (mean differences) between the two study arms.

Endpoints	A group			A+D group			Estimated effect	95% CI	p-value (two-sided)	Effect size *5
	n	T1–T0	95% CI	n	T1–T0	95% CI
PAM13-D*2	39	−1.81	[−3.78 to 0.17]	38	1.50	[−0.53 to 3.52]	3.30	[0.47 to 6.14]	0.023	0.54
EQ-VAS*3	37	1.05	[−3.42 to 5.51]	36	6.84	[2.33 to 11.35]	5.79	[−0.63 to 12.21]	0.076	0.44
CVR score*4 (%)	40	1.36	[−0.42 to 3.13]	38	0.83	[−1.01 to 2.68]	–0.53	[−3.10 to 2.05]	0.685	−0.09
Systolic blood pressure *4 (mm Hg)	40	2.80	[−0.81 to 6.41]	38	4.21	[0.48 to 7.95]	1.41	[−3.78 to 6.60]	0.589	0.12
Total cholesterol*4 (mg/dL)	40	−1.13	[−9.60 to 7.34]	38	–2.25	[−11.04 to 6.54]	–1.13	[−13.34 to 11.09]	0.855	−0.04
HDL cholesterol*4 (mg/dL)	40	−0.80	[−2.87 to 1.27]	38	0.60	[−1.55 to 2.75]	1.40	[−1.57 to 4.38]	0.350	0.21
BMI*4	37	0.185	[−0.23 to 0.60]	35	–0.15	[−0.59 to 0.28]	–0.33	[−0.94 to 0.27]	0.272	−0.27

BMI, body mass index; CVR score, cardiovascular risk score; EQ-VAS, European quality of life—visual analogue scale (subjective health status);

HDL cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; CI, confidence interval; n, number; PAM13-D, German version of Patient Activation Measure questionnaire;

T0, time point of study inclusion (baseline); T1, time point after four months (follow-up)

*¹ Adjusted means

*² Primary endpoint patient activation (PAM13-D), adjusted for PAM13-D at T0, CVR score at T0, and treating primary care physician;

PAM13-D scores from 0 (lowest level of patient activation) to 100 (highest level of patient activation)

*³ Secondary endpoint EQ-VAS, adjusted for EQ-VAS at T0, CVR score at T0, and treating primary care physician;

EQ-VAS scores from 0 (worst health) to 100 (best health)

*⁴ Additional endpoints, adjusted for the respective endpoint at T0 and treating primary care physician

*⁵ Effect size calculated as the difference of the adjusted means divided by the square root of the residual variance; absolute values of 0.5–0.8 can be interpreted as moderate effects