Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios of HU among participants associated with folate intake.
| Total Folate Intake (mcg/day) | p for Trend | ||||||
|
Q1 (≤247)
(n = 2562 ) |
Q2 (248–347)
(n = 2567 ) |
Q3 (348–457)
(n = 2547 ) |
Q4 (458–620)
(n = 2535 ) |
Q5 (≥621)
(n = 2546 ) |
|||
| Male (n = 12,757) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.82 (0.72, 0.93) | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.72 (0.63, 0.82) | 0.55 (0.48, 0.64) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.80 (0.71, 0.91) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.90) | 0.69 (0.61, 0.79) | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.87 (0.75, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 0.64 (0.53, 0.77) | <0.0001 | |
|
Q1 (≤191)
(n = 2454 ) |
Q2 (192–268)
(n = 2454 ) |
Q3 (269–353)
(n = 2442 ) |
Q4 (354–476)
(n = 2426 ) |
Q5 (≥477)
(n = 2442 ) |
|||
| Female (n = 12,218) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.78 (0.67, 0.91) | 0.722 (0.62,0.84) | 0.70 (0.60, 0.81) | 0.64 (0.55, 0.75) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.78 (0.67, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.63, 0.86) | 0.71 (0.61, 0.83) | 0.65 (0.56, 0.77) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.82 (0.70, 0.97) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.95) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.04) | 0.0767 | |
| Folic Acid Intake(mcg/day) | |||||||
|
Q1 (≤69)
(n = 2585) |
Q2 (70–125)
(n = 2523) |
Q3 (126–194)
(n = 2573) |
Q4 (195–311)
(n = 2532) |
Q5 (≥312)
(n = 2544) |
|||
| Male (n = 12,757) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.93) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) | 0.58 (0.51, 0.67) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) | 0.66 (0.57, 0.75) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.65) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.78 (0.68, 0.91) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.89) | <0.0001 | |
|
Q1 (≤52)
(n = 2482 ) |
Q2 (53–94)
(n = 2429) |
Q3 (95–147)
(n = 2456) |
Q4 (148–230)
(n = 2417) |
Q5 (≥231)
(n = 2434) |
|||
| Female (n = 12,218) | Model 1 | Reference | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.72, 0.99) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.10) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.05) | 0.85 (0.72, 0.99) | 0.0169 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.012 (0.86, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 0.9137 | |
| Food Folate Intake(mcg/day) | |||||||
|
Q1 (≤132.0)
(n = 2584 ) |
Q2 (132.1–185.0)
(n = 2529 ) |
Q3 (185.1–247.0)
(n = 2551 ) |
Q4 (247.1–339.8)
(n = 2541 ) |
Q5 (≥339.9)
(n = 2552 ) |
|||
| Male (n = 12,757) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.90) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.68 (0.60, 0.78) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.76 (0.66, 0.86) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.86) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.90) | 0.66 (0.57, 0.75) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.79 (0.69, 0.91) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) | 0.70 (0.59, 0.84) | 0.0018 | |
|
Q1 (≤101)
(n = 2492 ) |
Q2 (102–143)
(n = 2403 ) |
Q3 (144–191)
(n = 2468 ) |
Q4 (192–261)
(n = 2420 ) |
Q5 (≥262)
(n = 2435 ) |
|||
| Female (n = 12,218) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.88 (0.76, 1.03) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.94) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 0.65 (0.55, 0.76) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.96) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.87) | 0.67 (0.57, 0.79) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.05) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.97) | 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) | 0.0132 | |
| Folate Intake, DFE (mcg/day) | |||||||
|
Q1 (≤310)
(n = 2556 ) |
Q2 (311–440)
(n = 2557) |
Q3 (441–593)
(n = 2556) |
Q4 (594–825)
(n = 2538) |
Q5 (≥826)
(n = 2550) |
|||
| Male (n = 12,757) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.82 (0.72, 0.93) | 0.81 (0.72, 0.93) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.78) | 0.55 (0.48, 0.63) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.90) | 0.65 (0.57, 0.75) | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | 0.72 (0.62, 0.84) | 0.64 (0.53, 0.77) | <0.0001 | |
|
Q1 (≤239)
(n = 2448 ) |
Q2 (240–340)
(n = 2442 ) |
Q3 (341–455)
(n = 2446 ) |
Q4 (456–629)
(n = 2443 ) |
Q5 (≥630)
(n = 2439 ) |
|||
| Female (n = 12,218) | Model 1 | Reference | 0.78 (0.67, 0.91) | 0.72 (0.62, 0.84) | 0.71 (0.61, 0.83) | 0.67 (0.57, 0.78) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.78 (0.67, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 0.67 (0.57, 0.79) | <0.0001 | |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.82 (0.68, 0.99) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.07) | 0.1475 | |
Model 1 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity; Model 2 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, drinking status, education background, marital status, hypertension status, and diabetes status; Model 3 adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, smoking status, drinking status, education background, marital status, hypertension status, and diabetes status, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, vitamin E intake, vitamin B6 intake, vitamin B12 intake, saturated fatty acids intake, monounsaturated fatty acids intake, polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, caffeine intake, STC, glucose, BMI, and STG.