Table 3. Multinomial regression predicting underweight and overweight or obesity.
| Underweight ARRR | Overweight/obesity ARRR | |
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Age in years | ||
| 18–29 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 30–39 | 0.62 (0.54, 0.70)*** | 1.92 (1.77, 2.09)*** |
| 40–49 | 0.55 (0.47, 0.65)*** | 2.27 (2.07, 2.49)*** |
| 50–59 | 0.79 (0.67, 0.94)** | 1.65 (1.47, 1.84)*** |
| 60–69 | 1.27 (1.05, 1.55)* | 1.09 (0.95, 1.26) |
| 70 or more | 2.04 (1.62, 2.56)*** | 0.53 (0.43, 0.65)*** |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Male | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.73)*** |
| Education | ||
| None/Elementary | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| High school/Higher education | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99)* | 1.28 (1.19, 1.37)*** |
| Subjective economic background | ||
| Poor | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Medium | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 1.24 (1.15, 1.34)*** |
| Rich | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 1.35 (1.23, 1.47)*** |
| Work status | ||
| Work for income | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Search for job | 1.63 (1.20, 2.22)** | 0.72 (0.53, 0.96)* |
| School attendance | 1.65 (1.32, 2.05)*** | 0.53 (0.43, 0.65)*** |
| House keeping | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24)*** |
| Retired, sick, disabled, other | 1.23 (1.01, 1.49)* | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) |
| Urban residence (base=rural) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99)* | 1.25 (1.18, 1.34)*** |
| Region | ||
| Sumatra | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Java | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98)* |
| Main island groups | 1.18 (1.04, 1.35)* | 0.83 (0.76, 0.90)*** |
| Health risk behavior | ||
| Childhood hunger (≤15 years) (base=no) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) |
| Fruit consumption (<3 days/week) (base ≥3 days/week) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93)*** |
| Vegetable consumption (<daily/week) (base=daily) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) |
| Meals a day (3 times) (base < 3 times) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.82 (0.77, 0.88)*** |
| Meat (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 0.88 (0.74, 1.03) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.31)*** |
| Dairy products (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.24) | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90)*** |
| Fish (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.13) |
| Fast food consumption (1–7 days/week) (base=<1 day) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.29 (1.16, 1.43)*** |
| Fried snacks (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17)* |
| Sweet snacks (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98)* |
| Soft drinks (4–7 days/week) (base= <4 days/week) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.34) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Medium | 0.99 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) |
| High | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.93)*** |
| Tobacco use (current) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 0.54 (0.49, 0.59)*** |
| Physical and mental health risk status | ||
| Self-rated health (very healthy) (base=not very healthy) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.12 (1.04, 1.22)** |
| Diabetes | 0.53 (0.32, 0.87)* | 1.29 (1.04, 1.60)* |
| Hypertension | 0.67 (0.59, 0.76)*** | 2.13 (1.98, 2.30)*** |
| High Cholesterol (Total or LDL) | 0.49 (0.31, 0.79)** | 2.67 (2.24, 3.19)*** |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.15 (0.90, 1.48) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) |
| Depression symptoms | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97)** |
| Happiness (very happy) (base=not very happy) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.04) | 1.19 (1.09, 1.31)*** |
Note: ARRR = Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio; LDL = Low-density lipoprotein; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05.