. 2018 Jul 24;18(8):2407. doi: 10.3390/s18082407

Table 3.

Modification of conditions used in the theoretical analysis for designing practical sensors.

Reasons of Introduction	Terms in the Theoretical Analysis		Practical Countermeasures
Reasons of Introduction	Elements	Employed Conditions	Measures to Mitigate	Trade-Offs/Side Effects
To enhance the temporal resolution	Horizontal motion	Reduction	(Microlens/light guide) + (DTI/p-well)	Less/non-uniform sensitivity, Dark current
	Thickness of the layer (W)	= Penetration depth (δ)	W ’ = W/δ = 3	Crosstalk vs. Temporal resolution
	Electric field	25 kV/cm	-	Dark current
	Incident light direction	Perpendicular to the backside	Adjustment for the distributed light direction	-
	Crystal orientation	<111>	<100>	-
	Impurity concentration	0 (intrinsic)	10¹⁴ cm⁻³	-
For formulation	Arrival-time distribution	Gaussian distribution	-	-
For formulation	Definition of the resolution	Ditto:\|µ ₂ − µ ₁\| = 2 σ	-	-