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. 2018 Aug 21;9:557. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00557

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Therapeutic effects of berberine in vivo. Mechanisms of berberine in regulation of metabolism, immunity and oxidative reactions. Phosphodiesterase (PDE), cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP 4), proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9).