Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of all patients
| Variables | Pacemaker (n = 44) | No pacemaker (n = 339) | All patients (n = 383) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex (Male) | 20 (45.5) | 175 (51.6) | 195 (50.9) | .44 |
| Age at procedure | 83 ± 7 | 83 ± 8 | 83 ± 8 | .84 |
| Body mass index | 33.9 (9.2) | 34 (7.7) | 33.9 (7.9) | .96 |
| Race (White) | 40 (90.9) | 324 (95.6) | 364 (95) | .18 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Smoker | 0 (0) | 10 (2.9) | 10 (2.6) | .25 |
| Diabetes | 15 (34.1) | 124 (36.6) | 139 (36.3) | .75 |
| Hypertension | 43 (97.7) | 316 (93.2) | 359 (93.7) | .34 |
| Systolic heart failure | 8 (19) | 97 (29) | 105 (27.9) | .17 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (11.4) | 33 (9.7) | 38 (9.9) | .73 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 25 (56.8) | 131 (38.6) | 156 (40.7) | .02 |
| STS risk score | 8.8 (6.1, 12.5) | 9.0 (6.3, 11.8) | 9.0 (6.3, 11.8) | .96 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 8 (18.2) | 65 (19.2) | 73 (19.1) | .88 |
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 5 (11.4) | 72 (21.2) | 77 (20.1) | .12 |
| Prior coronary artery bypass surgery | 14 (31.8) | 111 (32.7) | 125 (32.6) | .90 |
| Prior aortic valve replacement | 3 (6.8) | 36 (10.6) | 39 (10.2) | .43 |
| Home medications | ||||
| Aspirin | 32 (72.7) | 208 (61.4) | 240 (62.7) | .14 |
| Clopidogrel | 7 (15.9) | 61 (18) | 68 (17.8) | .73 |
| Direct‐acting oral anticoagulants | 7 (15.9) | 77 (22.7) | 84 (21.9) | .31 |
| Warfarin | 2 (4.5) | 31 (9.1) | 33 (8.6) | .31 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 (25) | 71 (20.9) | 82 (21.4) | .54 |
| Beta blockers | 30 (68.2) | 229 (67.6) | 259 (67.6) | .93 |
| Echocardiographic variables | ||||
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.65 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.60 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.60 (0.5, 0.7) | .08 |
| Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 40 (34, 53) | 41 (32, 51) | 41 (33, 51) | .77 |
| Aortic regurgitation (≥moderate) | 5 (11.4) | 64 (18.9) | 69 (18) | .49 |
| Mitral regurgitation (≥moderate) | 9 (20.5) | 79 (22.7%) | 88 (23%) | .75 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (Interquartile range), N (%).