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. 2018 Aug 21;9:933. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00933

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Copyright © 2018 Bögeholz, Pauls, Dechering, Frommeyer, Goldhaber, Pott, Eckardt, Müller and Schulte.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Occurrence of EADs in ventricular but not atrial cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative tracings show various shapes of EADs in ventricular myocytes (red tracing) when the membrane potential of the plateau first falls short of and then exceeds –40 mV threshold. The EAD waveforms ranged between a spike-like shape (left) and a prolonged slew rate (right). No EADs occurred in any atrial myocyte (black tracing). The majority of ventricular cells (B) exhibited multiple EADs (C). ^∗p < 0.05 atrial vs. ventricular.