Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of acute HF patients with non-DM, IFG or DM in this study
| Variables | Non-DM (n = 347) | IFG (n = 67) | DM (n = 173) | Statistical values | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age (years) | 65.1 ± 13.6 | 63.3 ± 12.1 | 65.2 ± 10.4 | 0.599* | 0.550 |
| Male | 243 (70.0) | 34 (50.7) | 111 (64.2) | 9.729† | 0.008 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 3.6 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 0.881* | 0.415 |
| Hypertension | 135 (38.9) | 25 (37.3) | 81 (46.8) | 3.427† | 0.181 |
| Stroke/TIA history | 27 (7.8) | 4 (6.0) | 10 (5.8) | 0.831† | 0.648 |
| Coronary heart disease | 218 (62.8) | 40 (59.7) | 130 (75.1) | 9.201† | 0.010 |
| Cardiomyopathy | |||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 60 (17.3) | 6 (9.0) | 17 (9.8) | –‡ | 0.091 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 15 (4.3) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (2.9) | ||
| Smoking history | 102 (29.4) | 19 (28.4) | 34 (19.7) | 5.786† | 0.057 |
| NYHA class | |||||
| NYHA class I | 33 (9.5) | 4 (6.0) | 9 (5.2) | 10.247† | 0.115 |
| NYHA class II | 152 (43.8) | 41 (61.2) | 86 (49.7) | ||
| NYHA class III | 99 (28.5) | 12 (17.9) | 43 (24.9) | ||
| NYHA class IV | 63 (18.2) | 10 (14.9) | 35 (20.2) | ||
| Clinical data | |||||
| LVEF (%) | 62 (37, 71) | 67 (48, 74) | 61 (43, 72) | 5.870§ | 0.053 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 50 (47, 61) | 50 (45, 55) | 51 (47, 58) | 4.763§ | 0.092 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.65 (4.25, 5.00) | 5.80 (5.33, 6.07) | 7.08 (5.46, 8.92) | 244.3§ | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 28 (22, 38) | 31 (25, 41) | 32 (23, 45) | 5.955§ | 0.051 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 13 (9, 16) | 11 (9, 16) | 13 (9, 17) | 1.327§ | 0.515 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 88 (61, 111) | 89 (70, 127) | 87 (63, 122) | 2.171§ | 0.338 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.29 (0.95, 1.85) | 1.44 (1.08, 2.00) | 1.50 (1.01, 2.08) | 6.482§ | 0.039 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.52 (3.85, 5.34) | 5.00 (4.09, 5.80) | 4.70 (4.08, 5.40) | 7.354§ | 0.025 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.45) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.65) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.37) | 5.009§ | 0.082 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.88 (2.36, 3.61) | 3.30 (2.48, 3.91) | 3.13 (2.53, 3.86) | 5.944§ | 0.051 |
| Use of drug at admission | |||||
| β-blocker | 223 (64.3) | 45 (67.2) | 103 (59.5) | 1.620† | 0.443 |
| ACEI/ARB | 234 (67.4) | 45 (61.2) | 135 (78.0) | 8.847† | 0.012 |
| Diuretics | 179 (51.6) | 30 (44.8) | 98 (56.6) | 2.902† | 0.234 |
| Digoxin | 104 (30.0) | 12 (17.9) | 60 (34.7) | 6.471† | 0.041 |
| Treatments | |||||
| CRT + optimal drugs | 25 (7.2) | 4 (6.0) | 14 (8.1) | –‡ | 0.203 |
| CRT-D + optimal drugs | 22 (6.3) | 4 (6.0) | 13 (7.5) | ||
| ICD + optimal drugs | 62 (17.9) | 10 (14.9) | 15 (8.7) | ||
| No device but optimal drugs | 238 (68.6) | 49 (73.1) | 131 (75.7) |
The data were shown as mean ± SD, median (Q1, Q3), or n (%). *One-way analysis of variance; †Chi-square test; ‡Fisher exact test; §Kruskal-Wallis H-test. IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; NYHA class: New York Heart Association class; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; AST: Aspartate transaminase; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein - cholesterol; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; CRT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRT-D: Cardiac resynchronization therapy-cardioverter-defibrillator; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; SD: Standard deviation.