Table 5.
Clinical characteristics of the study population at 12 months of follow-up.
| Study variables | Group 1 (n 20) | Group 2 (n 20) | Group 3 (n 18) | P-value (group 1 vs. group 2) | P-value (group 1 vs. group 3) | P-value (group 2 vs. group 3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLINICAL VARIABLES | ||||||
| Systolicarterial pressure (mmHg) | 127 ± 9 | 125 ± 11 | 124 ± 8.8 | / | / | / |
| Diastolicarterial pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 2.5 | 77 ± 2.2 | 75 ± 2.3 | / | / | / |
| Heart rate (beats for minute) | 67 ± 8 | 71 ± 5 | 66 ± 7 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 31.9 ± 0.7 | 32.3 ± 0.9 | 31.7 ± 0.6 | / | / | / |
| WHR | 0.79 ± 0.003 | 0.88 ± 0.005 | 0.81 ± 0.001 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| HOMA-IR | 4.2 ± 0.35 | 5.0 ± 0.68 | 4.1 ± 0.28 | <0.05* | / | < 0.05*** |
| Insulin(μU/ml) | 22.7 ± 1.7 | 20.1 ± 1.5 | 23.1 ± 1.6 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.48 ± 0.12 | 6.68 ± 0.18 | 5.32 ± 0.59 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.04 ± 0.81 | 4.15 ± 0.94 | 4.14 ± 0.81 | / | / | / |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.81 ± 0.41 | 1.84 ± 0.4 | 1.78 ± 0.41 | / | / | / |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.11 ± 0.56 | 3.19 ± 0.57 | 3.11 ± 0.57 | / | / | / |
| Triglycerides(mmol/L) | 1.66 ± 0.96 | 1.71 ± 1.18 | 1.62 ± 0.67 | / | / | / |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 103.5 ± 6.2 | 99.4 ± 3.5 | 74.8 ± 1.8 | / | <0.05** | <0.05*** |
| BIOHUMORAL MARKERS | ||||||
| CRP (mmol/L) | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.01 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 3.33 ± 0.34 | 4.05 ± 0.27 | 3.13 ± 0.43 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 5.15 ± 0.44 | 6.55 ± 0.53 | 4.76 ± 0.79 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| Nitrotyrosine (nmol/l) | 2, 151 ± 0, 351 | 4, 511 ±0, 251 | 0, 917 ± 0, 251 | <0.05* | <0.05** | <0.05*** |
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHICPARAMETERS | ||||||
| Intima-media tickness | 0.86 ± 0.15 | 1.01 ± 0.16 | 0.83 ± 0.15 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| LVTDd (mm) | 55 ± 3.1 | 55 ± 2.1 | 53 ± 4.1 | / | / | / |
| LVTSd (mm) | 31 ± 5.4 | 32 ± 3.9 | 29 ± 6.7 | / | / | / |
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 54 ± 7 | 55 ± 5 | / | / | / |
| LAD (mm) | 44 ± 4 | 43 ± 2 | 41 ± 2 | / | / | / |
| Septum (mm) | 10.5 ± 2 | 13.5 ± 2 | 10 ± 2 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| Posteriorwall (mm) | 8 ± 1 | 10.5 ± 1 | 8.5 ± 1 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| MPI | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| LV mass | 133.2 ± 37.6 | 178.3 ± 41.1 | 129.2 ± 33.1 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m2) | 58.16 ± 16.42 | 76.85 ± 17.72 | 57.17 ± 14.64 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
| LV mass/h (m2) | 47.74 ± 13.47 | 62.34 ± 14.37 | 45.81 ± 11.73 | <0.05* | / | <0.05*** |
Clinical characteristics of the study population as obese patients with pre-diabetic condition (groups 1 and 2), and obese patients with normo-glycemic condition (group 3) at 12 months of follow-up. In this table are reported the study variables of the study population of 58 patients divided into three groups at 12 months of follow-up: group 1, 20 pre-diabetics obese patients treated by hypocaloric diet added to metformin; group 2, 20 patients with pre-diabetic condition treated by a hypocaloric diet added to placebo; group 3, 18 patients with normo-glycemic condition treated by a hypocaloric diet. In the study variables (first column to the left) are reported clinical variables, biohumoral markers, and echocardiographic parameters for each group of patients. . We reported fasting glucose and lipid values. CRP, C reactive protein; g, grams; m, meters; h height; HOMA_IR, homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance; IL6, interleukine 6; LAD, left atrium diameter; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVTDd, left ventricle telediastolic diameter; LVTDs, left ventricle telesystolic diameter; MPI, myocardium performance index; TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha; WHR, waist hip ratio. The symbol
is indicating a p <0.05 with the comparison of group 1 vs. group 2; the symbol
is indicating the p <0.05 with the comparison of group 1 vs. group 3; the symbol
is indicating the p <0.05 with the comparison of group 2 vs. group 3. The symbol/is indicating a not statistically significant value. The p <0.05 is indicating a statistically significant p-value.