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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Outlier detection in a subset pH data. (a) Original time series, the results of the (b) ARIMA method, (c) 3sd method, and (d) 2sd method. Red dots denote manually labeled outliers, while green circles are outliers detected by the method.