Table A1.
Results of characterization of as-synthesized and annealed powders.
| Type of Powder | Phase Composition (XRD) | Mean Crystallite Size (XRD) nm | Specific Surface Area (BET), m2/g | Modal Particle Size (TEM), nm | Effective Particle Size *, nm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As-synthesized | Fine-grained SnO2 tetragonal (89.6 wt%) | 4 | 130 | 4.7 | 7 |
| SnO tetragonal (5.4 wt%) | 4 | ||||
| Coarse-grained SnO2 tetragonal (3.5 wt%) | 70 | ||||
| Sn tetragonal (1.5 wt%) | >200 | ||||
| Annealed | SnO2 tetragonal (>98 wt%) | 15 | 40 | 15.3 | 21 |
| Unidentified phases (<2 wt%) | – |
* Calculated via specific surface area.