Table 4.
Factors influencing the live birth rate after first embryo transfer after in vitro maturation
| Predictive factors | Live births (n = 277) |
No live births (n = 596) |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Pretreatment factors (n = 873)b | ||||||
| Age, yearsa | 28.1 ± 3.5 | 29.1 ± 3.5 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.004 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | 0.254 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2a | 21.5 ± 2.8 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.019 | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.06 |
| Anti-Müllerian hormone, ng/mLa | 12.5 ± 3.6 | 12.2 ± 3.6 | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 0.304 | – | – |
| Antral follicle count – n | 34.3±17.9 | 34.4±18.5 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.96 | – | – |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone, IU/mL | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 0.524 | – | – |
| Progesterone, ng/mL | 0.8 ± 1.9 | 0.7 ± 1.8 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | 0.761 | – | – |
| Luteinizing hormone, IU/L | 14.3 ± 6.9 | 13.5 ± 6.7 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.105 | ||
| Free testosterone index | 4.5 ± 5.6 | 4.6 ± 5.2 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.786 | – | – |
| Menstrual cycles, n (%) | ||||||
| Amenorrhea | 15 (5.4) | 33 (5.5) | Ref | – | – | |
| Oligomenorrhea | 256 (92.4) | 551 (92.4) | 1.02 (0.56, 1.97) | 0.946 | – | – |
| Regular | 6 (2.2) | 12 (2.0) | 1.10 (0.33, 3.43) | 0.871 | – | – |
| Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, n (%) | ||||||
| Both ovaries | 228 (82.3) | 488 (81.9) | Ref | – | – | |
| One ovary | 49 (17.7) | 108 (18.1) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.41) | 0.88 | – | – |
| Duration of infertility, yearsa | 3.3 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.7 | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 0.011 | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) | 0.161 |
| Type of infertility, n (%) | ||||||
| Primary | 229 (82.7) | 479 (80.4) | Ref | – | – | |
| Secondary | 48 (17.3) | 117 (19.6) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.24) | 0.419 | – | – |
| Number of IVF attempts, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 259 (93.5) | 514 (86.2) | Ref | – | – | |
| 2 | 11 (4.0) | 64 (10.7) | 0.34 (0.17, 0.63) | 0.001 | 0.60 (0.32, 1.09) | 0.105c |
| 3 | 7 (2.5) | 18 (3.0) | 0.77 (0.30, 1.80) | 0.566 | – | – |
| Indications for IVM, n (%) | ||||||
| Tubal factors | 3 (1.1) | 14 (2.3) | Ref | – | – | |
| Male factors | 2 (0.7) | 11 (1.8) | 0.85 (0.10, 6.01) | 0.869 | – | – |
| Ovulation induction failure | 267 (96.4) | 550 (92.3) | 2.27 (0.73, 9.89) | 0.202 | 1.92 (0.92, 4.38) | 0.097 |
| Previous OHSS with COH | 3 (1.1) | 14 (2.3) | 1.00 (0.16, 6.24) | 0.99 | – | – |
| Others | 2 (0.7) | 7 (1.2) | 1.33 (0.15, 9.99) | 0.779 | – | – |
| Treatment factors (n = 873)b | ||||||
| Number of oocytes retrieveda | 15.6 ± 8.4 | 14.7 ± 9.1 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.182 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 0.286 |
| Number of mature oocytes after IVMa | 9.1 ± 5.0 | 8.5 ± 5.3 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.109 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 0.212 |
| Number of embryos available for transfera | 6.8 ± 3.6 | 5.7 ± 3.6 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.07, 1.22) | < 0.001 |
| Mean number of embryos transferreda | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 1.55 (1.20, 2.01); | 0.001 | ||
| Number of embryos transferred, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 embryo transferred | 2 (0.7) | 34 (5.7) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.47) | 0.008 | 0.20 (0.03, 0.69) | 0.032 |
| 2 embryos transferred | 104 (37.5) | 247 (41.4) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| 3 embryos transferred | 171 (61.7) | 315 (52.9) | 1.29 (0.96, 1.73) | 0.092 | 1.25 (0.92, 1.69) | 0.152 |
| Embryo transfer method, n (%) | ||||||
| Fresh | 263 (94.9) | 560 (94.0) | Ref | – | – | |
| Freeze-only | 14 (5.1) | 36 (6.0) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.53) | 0.56 | – | – |
CI confidence interval, COH controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, IVF in vitro fertilization, IVM in vitro maturation, OHSS ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
aParameters analyzed as continuous variables; odds ratio values are per unit increase
bThirty-three women were lost to follow-up after the first transfer, and 11 did not undergo embryo transfer, one woman had no oocytes retrieved, and three women had no embryos to transfer