Table 1.
Effect sizes for Clinical Manipulations: Estimated subcategory averages (and SEM) from the Clinical manipulation-only meta-analytic model and individual-publication effect sizes.
| Subcategory or Study |
Population | Manipulation | DV | Effect on Impulsivity |
Effect Size | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-based approaches | 0.32 (0.17) | .06 | |||||
| Hendrickson & Rasmussen (2013) | College students | Mindful eating (vs. nutritional info control) | %LLR | ↓ | 0.27 (food) | ||
| ↓ | n.s. | 0.16 (money) | |||||
| Morrisson et al. (2014) | College students | ACT (vs. waitlist control) | AUC | ↓ | 0.94‡ | ||
| Contingency Management | 0.36 (0.15) | .02 | |||||
| Weidberg et al. (2015) | Treatment-seeking cigarette smokers (≥ 10 cigs/day) | CM + Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (vs. CBT alone) | AUC | ↓ | 0.50* (women) | ||
| ↑ | 0.23* (men) | ||||||
| Yi et al. (2008) | Non-treatment-seeking cigarette smokers (≥ 20 cigs/day) | CM (vs. no monetary incentive control) | k | ↓ | 0.50 (money) | ||
| ↓ | 0.23 (cigarettes) | ||||||
| Yoon et al. (2009) | Non-treatment-seeking cigarette smokers (≥ 10 cigs/day) | CM (vs. non-contingent rewards) | k | ↓ | n.s. | 0.44 | |
| Other Substance-Use Treatments | 0.16 (0.08) | .03 | |||||
| Aklin et al. (2009) | Substance users | Residential substance use treatment (within-subjects) | k | ↓ | n.s. | 0.26 | |
| Black & Rosen (2011) | Cocaine, or cocaine+ alcohol abusing individuals | Money-management based substance use treatment (vs. minimal attention control) | k | ↓ | n.s. | 0.37 | |
| De Wilde et al. (2013) | Polysubstance dependent individuals | Residential substance use treatment (within-subjects) | k | – | n.s. | <0.01 | |
| Dennhardt et al. (2015) | Heavy-drinking college students | Motivational intervention (MI) and substance-free activity sessions (vs. MI with educational component) | k | ↓ | n.s. | 0.23 | |
| Landes et al. (2012) | Treatment-seeking opioid dependent individuals | Combinations of CM, buprenorphine counseling, etc. (within-subjects) | AUC | ↓ | 0.40* | ||
| Lee et al. (2015) | Adolescent and adult cannabis use/dependence | Outpatient treatment (combinations of CBT, movational enhancement, CM, etc. [within-subjects]) | k | ↓ | CNC | ||
| Littlefield et al. (2015) | Individuals with various SUDs | Residential substance use treatment (12-step, counseling, etc. [within-subjects]) | k | ↑ | 0.19 | ||
n.s., No statistically significant effect; AUC, area under the discounting curve; CNC, could not calculate effect size
‡
Trend level significance for this between-subjects comparison (p < .06); the within-subjects comparison was statistically significant.
*
Effect size was calculated based on change scores at post-treatment for each group by sex.