Table 4.

Gas production, ruminal fermentation parameters, and microbial gene copy numbers in buffalo inoculum after 24 h of in vitro incubation of 4 different substrates.

Index	Substrates				SEM	P-value
	Cassava residues	Corn straw silage	Elephant grass	Sugarcane tail silage
Gas production, mL/g	363a	170b	130c	138c	3.883	0.020
Total volatile fatty acids, mmol/L	74.3a	58.8b	59.5b	45.4c	3.786	<0.010
Acetate, mmol/L	53.3a	43.3b	46.4b	34.9c	2.658	<0.010
Propionate, mmol/L	11.0a	10.1a	9.60a	6.97b	0.722	<0.010
Butyrate, mmol/L	10.0a	5.37b	3.46c	3.50c	0.464	<0.010
Acetate/Propionate	4.86a	4.28b	4.84a	5.02a	0.087	<0.010
Bacteria log10 copies/mL	9.30	9.43	9.31	9.35	0.118	0.584
Methanogen log10 copies/mL	7.42	7.09	7.23	7.14	0.182	0.192
Fungi log10 copies/mL	4.35	6.03	6.71	6.16	0.263	<0.010
Protozoa log10 copies/mL	7.16	6.74	6.30	6.94	0.188	0.012
Ruminococcus albus log10 copies/mL	5.45	6.21	6.43	6.16	0.137	<0.010
Fibrobacter succinogenes log10 copies/mL	5.53	6.09	6.54	6.12	0.133	<0.010
P. ruminicola log10 copies/mL	7.59	7.69	7.86	7.43	0.186	0.103
S. ruminantium log10 copies/mL	8.19	8.38	8.39	8.44	0.143	0.214

^a–c Within a row, means with different superscripts differ at P < 0.05.