Table II.
Bioactive SPM and pathway precursors identified in psoriasis and healthy skin
| Bioactive LM / Pathway Precursors | Lipid mediator levels (pg/100mg) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHA Metabolome | Lesional Skin | Non-Lesional Skin | *P | Healthy | †P |
| RvD5 | 45.1 (23.4–177.5) | – | – | – | – |
| PD1 | 0.4 (0.2–2.3) | 2.4 (0.8–4) | 0.24 | – | – |
| 10S,17S-diHDHA | 3.3 (1.7–11.5) | – | – | – | – |
| 17-HDHA | 32 (15.7–68.8) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.002 | 1.2 (0.4–2.0) | 0.003 |
| 14-HDHA | 39.6 (21.2–41.5) | 0.4 (0.3–1.4) | 0.002 | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | 0.005 |
| 7-HDHA | 13.5 (6.6–23.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.9) | 0.002 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.02 |
| 4-HDHA | 4.6 (2.5–7.8) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.002 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.001 |
| DHA | 40341 (25739–45611) | 4511 (1328–9987) | 0.003 | 10197 (3530–13256) | <0.001 |
| EPA Metabolome | |||||
| 18-HEPE | 4.1 (3–7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.002 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <0.001 |
| 15-HEPE | 28.3 (13–47) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.002 | 2.1 (1.5–2.4) | 0.004 |
| 12-HEPE | 47.1 (39.8–121.3) | 0.5 (0.3–2) | 0.002 | 1.5 (0.9–1.8) | 0.03 |
| 5-HEPE | 5.2 (2.9–7.7) | 0.7 (0.4–1) | 0.002 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.002 |
| EPA | 2217.8 (1490–3255) | 219.2 (107–322) | 0.002 | 469 (319–945) | 0.048 |
| AA Metabolome | |||||
| AT-LXA4 | 3 (2.6–5.1) | – | – | – | – |
| AT-LXB4 | 4.4 (2.7–15.1) | – | – | – | – |
| 5S,15S-diHETE | 4.9 (2.3–7.8) | 0.4 (0.2–1) | 0.002 | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.004 |
| 5S,12S-diHETE | 14.4 (6.2–16) | 0.7 (0.7–0.7) | 0.13 | – | – |
| LTB4 | 9.6 (7.3–13) | 0.6 (0.6–0.6) | 0.13 | – | – |
| PGE2 | 15.8 (10–26.6) | 1.4 (0.9–6.2) | 0.02 | 7.3 (6.2–8.6) | 0.18 |
| PGD2 | 2 (1.4–2.8) | 0.4 (0.3–1.9) | 0.047 | 0.7 (0.6–1.2) | 0.11 |
| PGF2α | 3.2 (1.9–6.5) | 0.6 (0.6–0.6) | 0.13 | 1 (0.8–1.1) | 0.14 |
| TXB2 | 10 (0.4–15.1) | 5 (5–5) | 0.51 | 4.4 (0.5–38.5) | 0.44 |
| 15-HETE | 452 (326–1043) | 4.4 (3.6–9.7) | 0.002 | 32 (25–74) | 0.03 |
| 12-HETE | 1989 (1494–2197) | 4.4 (3.2–31.4) | 0.002 | 15 (13–26) | 0.01 |
| 5-HETE | 41.7 (29.2–79.7) | 1.6 (1.1–2.5) | 0.002 | 1.4 (1.0–2.5) | <0.001 |
| AA | 14623 (13375–18264) | 3056 (1980–6981) | 0.01 | 5019 (3797–8614) | <0.001 |
Quantification of bioactive lipid mediators (LM) and pathway precursors were assessed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry–based (LC-MS-MS–based) metabololipidomics. Results are expressed as pg/100mg tissue. Detection limit was approximately 0.1 pg; – denotes below limits along with the following metabolites: RvD1-D4, RvD6, AT-RvD1, AT-RvD3, AT-PD1, 22-OH-PD1, Mar1, 7S, 14S-diHDHA, 4S, 14S-diHDHA, RvE1-E3, LXA4, LXB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4. *P compared between lesional vs. non-lesional skin. †P compared between lesional vs. healthy skin. Data are median (Interquartile Range) for non-parametric variables. P values were derived from Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.