Table 5.

Asthma and low birth weight: by Black zip codes, with mother fixed effects.

	Ever diagnosed with asthma		No. times diagnosed with asthma
	(1) Black zips	(2) Other zips	(3) Black zips	(4) Other zips
500–999 g	0.235**	0.114***	1.730*	0.429***
	(0.092)	(0.030)	(1.018)	(0.113)
1000–1499g	0.165***	0.066***	0.852***	0.172***
	(0.048)	(0.015)	(0.279)	(0.034)
1500–1999g	0.155***	0.033***	0.428***	0.101***
	(0.035)	(0.009)	(0.156)	(0.024)
2000–2499 g	0.021	0.012**	0.159**	0.029**
	(0.018)	(0.005)	(0.075)	(0.013)
2500–2999 g	0.033***	0.006*	0.121***	0.013*
	(0.011)	(0.003)	(0.043)	(0.007)
3500–3999 g	0.013	−0.002	0.071**	−0.008
	(0.010)	(0.002)	(0.035)	(0.005)
4000–4499 g	0.018	−0.007*	−0.007	−0.010
	(0.016)	(0.004)	(0.049)	(0.009)
4500–4999 g	−0.032	−0.008	0.012	−0.032
	(0.048)	(0.010)	(0.130)	(0.022)
500–999 g × black	0.019	−0.006	−0.313	−0.152
	(0.103)	(0.092)	(1.043)	(0.295)
1000–1499 g × black	−0.022	−0.051	−0.148	−0.183
	(0.063)	(0.059)	(0.352)	(0.153)
1500–1999 g × black	−0.059	0.051	0.096	0.197
	(0.046)	(0.037)	(0.225)	(0.168)
2000–2499 g × black	0.011	0.034	0.028	0.078
	(0.026)	(0.023)	(0.111)	(0.082)
2500–2999 g × black	−0.029*	0.008	−0.107*	0.014
	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.060)	(0.045)
3500–3999 g × black	−0.030*	0.035**	−0.068	0.068
	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.053)	(0.048)
4000–4499 g × black	−0.015	0.001	0.113	−0.022
	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.096)	(0.077)
4500–4999 g × black	−0.004	0.044	−0.167	0.163
	(0.085)	(0.053)	(0.205)	(0.106)
Individual/census vars	×	×	×	×
Hospital fixed effects	×	×	×	×
Mother fixed effects	×	×	×	×
Observations	99,647	346,505	99,647	346,505
R-squared	0.050	0.018	0.044	0.016
Mean dep. var.	0.084	0.084	0.179	0.179
Clusters	86,609	285,225	86,609	285,225
F-statistic	0.619	1.245	0.147	1.258
P-value	0.649	0.289	0.965	0.284

Note: Other included controls: other race, mother smoked during pregnancy, mother’s education (in years: 0–11, 12, 13–16, 16+), mother’s age (<20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35+), mother married at birth, sex, birth order (1, 2, 3, 4+), multiple birth indicator, indicator for other race (non-white, non-black), indicator for child ever used public insurance, and dummy variables for child’s age at end of sample in quarters; zip code level variables: population, population density, median age, average household size, pct. with less than high school (25+), pct. with bachelor’s degree or more (25+), pct. in labor force (16+), pct. of households making <20k, pct. of households making >200k, median year structure built, pct. of housing owner occupied, pct. of housing vacant, median value of owner occupied housing, pct. of families below poverty. F-statistic/P-value from a test that the coefficients on the first 4 birthweight bins interacted with black are jointly equal to zero. Standard errors clustered at mother. The omitted categories are 3000–3499, black, and 3000–3499 × black.

^***p < 0.01,

^**p < 0.05,

^*p < 0.1.