TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Probiotic (n=9) | Placebo (n=11)a | |
|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | 14.4 (2.24) | 14.9 (1.81) |
| Sex (F/M) | 6/3 | 6/5 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.4 (16.0) | 90.8 (15.3) |
| Height (cm) | 164.0 (8.8) | 161.9 (5.7) |
| Body Composition: DXA and MRI | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.7 (3.3)* | 34.5 (4.3) |
| BMI Percentile | 97.3 (1.3) | 98.0 (1.7) |
| Waist Circumference | 96.9 (13.0) | 104.6 (13.7) |
| Total Fat Mass (kg) | 33.3 (6.3) | 37.3 (8.0) |
| Total Lean Mass (kg)b | 45.8 (10.1) | 49.0 (9.6) |
| Total Adiposity (%)c | 41.0 (3.4) | 42.2 (5.1) |
| Trunk Fat Mass (kg) | 15.6 (2.3) | 18.8 (5.1) |
| Trunk Lean Mass (kg) | 22.1 (4.4) | 23.6 (4.5) |
| Trunk Adiposity (%) | 40.8 (4.0) | 43.40 (5.8) |
| Visceral Adipose Tissue (liters) | 1.54 (0.7) | 1.91 (0.9) |
| Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (liters) | 6.75 (1.8) | 7.86 (2.5) |
| Liver Condition | ||
| Liver Adiposity (%) | 4.50 (1.0) | 10.43 (9.3) |
| Liver Fibrosis by MRE (kPa) | 2.15 (0.2) | 2.31 (0.5) |
| Macronutrient Intake | ||
| Total Caloric Intake | 1644.2 (305.9) | 1878.8 (225.0) |
| Total Carbohydrates (%) | 52.7 (7) | 53.8 (10.3) |
| Total Sugar (%) | 23.6 (8.3) | 20.7 (5.2) |
| Added Sugar (%) | 11.7 (6.8) | 10.8 (5.3) |
| Total Fat (%) | 29.5 (4.1) | 28 (4.5) |
| Total Protein (%) | 17.8 (6) | 18.1 (6.6) |
Mean (SE) for the N=20 participants at baseline.
a
Group differences assessed with Welch t t-tests at *p<0.05. All comparisons were NS except BMI, which was included as a covariate in the subsequent data analyses.
b
Lean mass reflects lean tissue, excluding bone and water content.
c
Adiposity calculated as percent of fat mass (g) to total mass (g)