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. 2018 Aug 28;8:12947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31221-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Colorimetric aptasensor response with Lee aptamer towards a range of VTD3 concentrations spiked into and extracted from human blood using n-hexane, with redissolution in detection buffer under the centrifugation condition compared with control experiments using AuNP-70-mer random ssDNA exposed to the same experimental steps. Top panels show photos of the sensor response towards spiked VTD3 concentrations and its response to the native VTD3 concentration in the blood. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of the mean of three independent experiments starting from particle functionalization. (B) HPLC analysis of spiked VTD3 concentration in blood samples. Red arrows indicate the signal response for native VTD3 concentration extracted from blood. Raw UV-visible spectra and HPLC chromatograms are provided in the Supporting Information.