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. 2018 Aug 28;8:12961. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31005-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Binding of human strains VP8* to HBGAs measured by saliva-based binding assay. VP8* proteins from vaccine strains (Rotarix (P[8]) and RotaTeq (P[8])), cell culture-adapted strains (Wa (P[8]) and DS-1 (P[4])) and three P[8] clinical strains (287, 183 and 134) were tested for binding to a panel of previously well-defined A, B, O, secretor and Lewis types saliva samples (SE = Secretor (FUT2⁺); se = non-secretor (FUT2⁻); Le⁺ = Lewis positive (FUT3⁺); le⁻ = Lewis negative (FUT3⁻); O, A and B = Blood group O, A and B). (a) The binding profile of VP8* proteins to HBGAs is identical for all the strains tested with a binding to mucins of SE/Le⁺ phenotypes only (SE/Le⁺ n = 32, SE/le⁻ n = 12, se/Le⁺ n = 11 and se/le⁻ n = 4). (b) Within the SE/Le⁺ group, ABO phenotype has an effect with a binding to saliva samples from blood group O ≥ A > B (O n = 12, A n = 12 and B n = 8). Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05).