Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Aug 28;8:12977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30939-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

ATC application using ultrasound (US) excitation of integrin-anchored microbubbles (MBs) and increased cellular contractile forces of hESCs. (A) Bright field images of single hESCs and colony with integrin-bound MBs (arrow heads). Scale bar 40 µm. (B) US pulses used in ATC. (C) Experimental setup for ATC. (D) Cyclic MB displacement vs. time subjected to pulsed US application during ATC application. (E) Bright field images of hESCs seeded on PDMS micropost force sensor array and subcellular contractile force distributions in control hESC colony (-MB-US) (top) and hESC colony treated by ATC (+MB +US) (bottom) at t = 0, 20 and 30 min. ATC was applied at t = 0 for 30 min. ‘P’ denotes periphery zone and ‘C’ central zone. Scale bar 20 µm. (F) Bright field image showing distribution of MBs attached to hESCs in a colony. Colony area is divided into two equal regions marked by the orange circle: periphery (P) (outer 30% radius) and central zone (C) (center 70% radius). (G) Percentage of MBs attached to hESCs in colonies (n = 7) in the periphery (P, 88.53% ± 1.63%) and in the center (C, 11.47% ± 1.63%) (Mean ± SEM). **** denotes p < 0.0001. (H) Normalized contractile force in the entire colony, in the periphery zone, and in the center zone vs. time for control (-MB-US), ATC-treated (+MB +US), and Y27632 (Y27) (10 µM) treated hESC colonies (Mean ± SEM, n = 10).